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Toenail fungus, medically known as onychomycosis, is a common and often underestimated condition. This condition, which often begins as a cosmetic nuisance, can progress to painful and even severe health problems, especially in people with weakened immune systems or diabetes. In this article, we will look at the causes, symptoms, treatments, and importance of preventing toenail fungus.

What is toenail fungus?

Toenail fungus is an infection caused by fungi that affects the nail beds. It may start as white or yellow spots under the edge of the nail and spread as the infection worsens. This can eventually cause the toenail to become thick, crumbly, and discolored.

Risk factors for toenail fungus

Fungal nail infections usually develop due to contact with fungal spores. These spores can be found in a variety of places, from public showers to other people's shoes. Here are some common factors that contribute to the development of nail fungus:

• Humidity and warmth: Warm and humid conditions create an ideal environment for fungal growth.
• Circulatory problems: Circulatory problems can reduce the body's ability to fight infections.
• Wearing the wrong shoes: Shoes that don't have sufficient ventilation can promote fungal infections.
• Damage to the nails: Microtrauma or trauma can create a pathway for fungi to enter.
• Immunodeficiency conditions: A weakened immune system can make the body more vulnerable to infections.

Symptoms of toenail fungus

Symptoms of toenail fungus can vary depending on the severity of the infection. In the initial stages, they may be easily invisible or appear as a slight change in the color or texture of the nails. If the infection process continues, the following symptoms are possible:

• Changes in nail color, including yellowish, brown, or black hues
• Thick and crumbling nails
• Changing the shape of the nail up to its complete detachment from the nail bed
• The appearance of pain and discomfort when walking or wearing shoes
• Unpleasant odor caused by tissue decomposition due to fungal infection

Treatment of toenail fungus

If you have noticed symptoms of a toenail fungus, it is essential to start treatment as soon as possible. Effective treatment for toenail fungus depends on the severity of the infection and the health of the patient. Your doctor may recommend a variety of treatments, including:

• Antifungal medications: These medications are usually taken over several months and can be either oral or topical.
• Topical treatment: Creams, varnishes, or solutions containing antifungal components can be applied to the affected nail plates.
• Surgical removal: In cases of severe infections or prolonged failure of other treatments, removal of the affected nails may be necessary.

Prevention of toenail fungus

Preventing toenail fungus plays a crucial role in maintaining healthy toеnails and feet. Some preventive measures include:

• Maintain personal hygiene: Regularly wash your feet and dry them after contact with water, especially for dryness between the toes.
• Avoiding public barefoot places: Wear shoes in public places, especially locker rooms, swimming pools, and showers.
• Timely treatment of injuries and wounds: Damage to the nail plates increases the risk of fungal infection.
• Avoid tight and windless shoes: This will help prevent the creation of a damp and warm environment conducive to fungal growth.
• Using antiseptics: When visiting public places where there is a high risk of infection, use antiseptic solutions on your feet.

The bottom line

Toenail fungus, although often underestimated, is a severe condition that can lead to significant discomfort and complications if not treated promptly. Understanding the causes, symptoms, treatments, and preventive measures will allow you to effectively combat this disease and maintain healthy toenails. If you suspect nail fungus, you should consult a doctor for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.